A comprehensive grade calculation system that computes GPA, CGPA, letter grades, tracks semester performance, and provides academic standing analysis.

Problem Description

Create a grade management system that:

Calculates GPA (Grade Point Average) for a semester
Computes CGPA (Cumulative GPA) across multiple semesters
Converts marks to letter grades
Tracks subject-wise performance
Provides academic standing (Distinction, First Class, etc.)
Generates detailed grade reports

This demonstrates numerical calculations, grading algorithms, and academic data management.

Code

GradeCalculator.java

import java.util.*;

class Course {
    private String courseName;
    private String courseCode;
    private int credits;
    private double marks;
    private String letterGrade;
    private double gradePoint;
    
    public Course(String courseName, String courseCode, int credits, double marks) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
        this.courseCode = courseCode;
        this.credits = credits;
        this.marks = marks;
        calculateGrade();
    }
    
    private void calculateGrade() {
        if (marks >= 90) {
            letterGrade = "A+";
            gradePoint = 10.0;
        } else if (marks >= 80) {
            letterGrade = "A";
            gradePoint = 9.0;
        } else if (marks >= 70) {
            letterGrade = "B+";
            gradePoint = 8.0;
        } else if (marks >= 60) {
            letterGrade = "B";
            gradePoint = 7.0;
        } else if (marks >= 50) {
            letterGrade = "C";
            gradePoint = 6.0;
        } else if (marks >= 40) {
            letterGrade = "D";
            gradePoint = 5.0;
        } else {
            letterGrade = "F";
            gradePoint = 0.0;
        }
    }
    
    public String getCourseName() { return courseName; }
    public String getCourseCode() { return courseCode; }
    public int getCredits() { return credits; }
    public double getMarks() { return marks; }
    public String getLetterGrade() { return letterGrade; }
    public double getGradePoint() { return gradePoint; }
    
    public boolean isPassed() {
        return marks >= 40;
    }
    
    public void displayCourseInfo() {
        System.out.printf("%-30s %-10s %2d   %6.2f   %3s   %.1f\n",
            courseName, courseCode, credits, marks, letterGrade, gradePoint);
    }
}

class Semester {
    private int semesterNumber;
    private ArrayList<Course> courses;
    private double sgpa; // Semester GPA
    
    public Semester(int semesterNumber) {
        this.semesterNumber = semesterNumber;
        this.courses = new ArrayList<>();
        this.sgpa = 0.0;
    }
    
    public void addCourse(Course course) {
        courses.add(course);
    }
    
    public void calculateSGPA() {
        double totalCredits = 0;
        double totalGradePoints = 0;
        
        for (Course course : courses) {
            totalCredits += course.getCredits();
            totalGradePoints += (course.getGradePoint() * course.getCredits());
        }
        
        if (totalCredits > 0) {
            sgpa = totalGradePoints / totalCredits;
        }
    }
    
    public double getSGPA() {
        return sgpa;
    }
    
    public int getSemesterNumber() {
        return semesterNumber;
    }
    
    public int getTotalCredits() {
        int total = 0;
        for (Course course : courses) {
            total += course.getCredits();
        }
        return total;
    }
    
    public int getPassedCourses() {
        int count = 0;
        for (Course course : courses) {
            if (course.isPassed()) count++;
        }
        return count;
    }
    
    public int getFailedCourses() {
        return courses.size() - getPassedCourses();
    }
    
    public void displaySemesterReport() {
        System.out.println("\n╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗");
        System.out.println("║              SEMESTER " + semesterNumber + " GRADE REPORT                              ║");
        System.out.println("╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝");
        
        System.out.println("\n┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐");
        System.out.printf("%-30s %-10s %-4s %-8s %-5s %-4s\n",
            "Course Name", "Code", "Cr", "Marks", "Grade", "GP");
        System.out.println("├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤");
        
        for (Course course : courses) {
            course.displayCourseInfo();
        }
        
        System.out.println("└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘");
        
        System.out.println("\n┌─────────── SEMESTER SUMMARY ───────────┐");
        System.out.println("│ Total Credits    : " + getTotalCredits());
        System.out.println("│ Courses Passed   : " + getPassedCourses() + "/" + courses.size());
        System.out.println("│ Courses Failed   : " + getFailedCourses());
        System.out.printf("│ SGPA             : %.2f\n", sgpa);
        System.out.println("└────────────────────────────────────────┘");
    }
}

class Student {
    private String studentName;
    private String rollNumber;
    private ArrayList<Semester> semesters;
    
    public Student(String studentName, String rollNumber) {
        this.studentName = studentName;
        this.rollNumber = rollNumber;
        this.semesters = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    
    public void addSemester(Semester semester) {
        semester.calculateSGPA();
        semesters.add(semester);
    }
    
    public double calculateCGPA() {
        if (semesters.isEmpty()) return 0.0;
        
        double totalCredits = 0;
        double totalGradePoints = 0;
        
        for (Semester semester : semesters) {
            int semCredits = semester.getTotalCredits();
            totalCredits += semCredits;
            totalGradePoints += (semester.getSGPA() * semCredits);
        }
        
        return (totalCredits > 0) ? (totalGradePoints / totalCredits) : 0.0;
    }
    
    public String getAcademicStanding(double cgpa) {
        if (cgpa >= 9.5) return "Outstanding (Distinction)";
        else if (cgpa >= 8.5) return "Excellent (First Class with Distinction)";
        else if (cgpa >= 7.5) return "Very Good (First Class)";
        else if (cgpa >= 6.5) return "Good (Second Class)";
        else if (cgpa >= 5.5) return "Average (Pass Class)";
        else return "Poor (At Risk)";
    }
    
    public void displayCompleteTranscript() {
        System.out.println("\n╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗");
        System.out.println("║                    ACADEMIC TRANSCRIPT                                ║");
        System.out.println("╠═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣");
        System.out.println("║ Student Name : " + studentName);
        System.out.println("║ Roll Number  : " + rollNumber);
        System.out.println("╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝");
        
        System.out.println("\n─────────────────── SEMESTER-WISE PERFORMANCE ───────────────────");
        System.out.printf("%-12s %-12s %-15s %-10s\n", "Semester", "Credits", "SGPA", "Status");
        System.out.println("─".repeat(70));
        
        for (Semester semester : semesters) {
            String status = semester.getFailedCourses() == 0 ? "✓ Passed" : "✗ Failed (" + semester.getFailedCourses() + ")";
            System.out.printf("Semester %-4d %-12d %-15.2f %-10s\n",
                semester.getSemesterNumber(),
                semester.getTotalCredits(),
                semester.getSGPA(),
                status);
        }
        
        System.out.println("─".repeat(70));
        
        double cgpa = calculateCGPA();
        String standing = getAcademicStanding(cgpa);
        
        System.out.println("\n╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════╗");
        System.out.println("║         CUMULATIVE PERFORMANCE                ║");
        System.out.println("╠═══════════════════════════════════════════════╣");
        System.out.printf("║ CGPA              : %.2f / 10.00\n", cgpa);
        System.out.printf("║ Percentage        : %.2f%%\n", cgpa * 9.5);
        System.out.println("║ Academic Standing : " + standing);
        System.out.println("╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════╝");
    }
}

public class GradeCalculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        System.out.println("╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════╗");
        System.out.println("║    STUDENT GRADE & GPA CALCULATOR             ║");
        System.out.println("╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════╝\n");
        
        System.out.print("Enter student name: ");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("Enter roll number: ");
        String rollNo = scanner.nextLine();
        
        Student student = new Student(name, rollNo);
        
        boolean addMoreSemesters = true;
        int semesterCount = 0;
        
        while (addMoreSemesters) {
            semesterCount++;
            System.out.println("\n" + "═".repeat(50));
            System.out.println("ENTERING DATA FOR SEMESTER " + semesterCount);
            System.out.println("═".repeat(50));
            
            Semester semester = new Semester(semesterCount);
            
            System.out.print("How many courses in this semester? ");
            int numCourses = scanner.nextInt();
            scanner.nextLine();
            
            for (int i = 1; i <= numCourses; i++) {
                System.out.println("\n--- Course " + i + " ---");
                System.out.print("Course name: ");
                String courseName = scanner.nextLine();
                System.out.print("Course code: ");
                String courseCode = scanner.nextLine();
                System.out.print("Credits: ");
                int credits = scanner.nextInt();
                System.out.print("Marks (0-100): ");
                double marks = scanner.nextDouble();
                scanner.nextLine();
                
                Course course = new Course(courseName, courseCode, credits, marks);
                semester.addCourse(course);
            }
            
            student.addSemester(semester);
            semester.displaySemesterReport();
            
            System.out.print("\nAdd another semester? (yes/no): ");
            String response = scanner.nextLine();
            addMoreSemesters = response.equalsIgnoreCase("yes");
        }
        
        student.displayCompleteTranscript();
        
        scanner.close();
    }
}

Explanation

Grading System

The program uses a 10-point GPA scale:

Marks Range	Letter Grade	Grade Point
90-100	A+	10.0
80-89	A	9.0
70-79	B+	8.0
60-69	B	7.0
50-59	C	6.0
40-49	D	5.0
0-39	F	0.0

GPA Calculation Formulas

SGPA (Semester GPA):

SGPA = Σ(Grade Point × Credits) / Σ(Credits)

CGPA (Cumulative GPA):

CGPA = Σ(SGPA × Semester Credits) / Σ(Semester Credits)

Percentage Conversion:
```
Percentage = CGPA × 9.5
```

Class Structure

Course Class:
- Stores course details (name, code, credits, marks)
- Automatically calculates letter grade and grade point
- Tracks pass/fail status
Semester Class:
- Manages multiple courses
- Calculates semester GPA (SGPA)
- Tracks passed/failed courses
- Generates semester report
Student Class:
- Manages multiple semesters
- Calculates cumulative GPA (CGPA)
- Determines academic standing
- Generates complete transcript

Academic Standing

9.5-10.0: Outstanding (Distinction)
8.5-9.4: Excellent (First Class with Distinction)
7.5-8.4: Very Good (First Class)
6.5-7.4: Good (Second Class)
5.5-6.4: Average (Pass Class)
Below 5.5: Poor (At Risk)

Sample Output

╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║    STUDENT GRADE & GPA CALCULATOR             ║
╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════╝

Enter student name: John Doe
Enter roll number: CS2023001

═══════════════════════════════════════════════
ENTERING DATA FOR SEMESTER 1
═══════════════════════════════════════════════
How many courses in this semester? 4

--- Course 1 ---
Course name: Data Structures
Course code: CS201
Credits: 4
Marks (0-100): 85

╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║              SEMESTER 1 GRADE REPORT                                 ║
╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
Course Name                    Code       Cr   Marks   Grade  GP
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
Data Structures                CS201       4    85.00   A      9.0
Algorithms                     CS202       4    92.00   A+    10.0
Database Systems               CS203       3    78.00   B+     8.0
Web Development                CS204       3    88.00   A      9.0
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

┌─────────── SEMESTER SUMMARY ───────────┐
│ Total Credits    : 14
│ Courses Passed   : 4/4
│ Courses Failed   : 0
│ SGPA             : 9.07
└────────────────────────────────────────┘

╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║         CUMULATIVE PERFORMANCE                ║
╠═══════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ CGPA              : 9.07 / 10.00
║ Percentage        : 86.15%
║ Academic Standing : Excellent (First Class with Distinction)
╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════╝

Try Yourself

4-Point Scale: Modify to use the American 4.0 GPA scale instead of 10-point.
Weighted GPA: Add concept of honors/AP courses with bonus points.
Grade Distribution: Display percentage of A's, B's, C's etc.
Trend Analysis: Show if GPA is improving or declining across semesters.
Required GPA: Calculate marks needed in remaining courses to achieve target CGPA.
Dean's List: Mark semesters where student qualifies for Dean's List (>8.5).
Export: Save transcript to a text file.
Graphical: Create ASCII bar chart showing semester-wise SGPA.
Credits Tracking: Show total completed vs required credits for graduation.
Ranking: Calculate class rank based on CGPA (simulated with multiple students).

Grade Calculator and GPA System